FOXG1 syndrome: genotype-phenotype association in 83 patients with FOXG1 variants.

01. Januar, 2018

Mitter D1, Pringsheim M2,3, Kaulisch M4, Plรผmacher KS5, Schrรถder S5, Warthemann R5, Abou Jamra R1, Baethmann M6, Bast T7, Bรผttel HM8, Cohen JS9, Conover E10, Courage C11, Eger A12, Fatemi A9, Grebe TA13, Hauser NS14, Heinritz W15, Helbig KL16, Heruth M17, Huhle D18, Hรถft K19, Karch S20, Kluger G2,3, Korenke GC21, Lemke JR1, Lutz RE10, Patzer S22, Prehl I23, Hoertnagel K23, Ramsey K24, Rating T25, RieรŸ A26, Rohena L27, Schimmel M28, Westman R29, Zech FM30, Zoll B31, Malzahn D32, Zirn B33, Brockmann K34.

Abstract

The study aimed at widening the clinical and genetic spectrum and assessing genotype-phenotype associations in FOXG1 syndrome due to FOXG1 variants. We compiled 30 new and 53 reported patients with a heterozygous pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in FOXG1. We grouped patients according to type and location of the variant. Statistical analysis of molecular and clinical data was performed using Fisherโ€™s exact test and a nonparametric multivariate test.ResultsAmong the 30 new patients, we identified 19 novel FOXG1 variants. Among the total group of 83 patients, there were 54 variants: 20 frameshift (37%), 17 missense (31%), 15 nonsense (28%), and 2 in-frame variants (4%). Frameshift and nonsense variants are distributed over all FOXG1 protein domains; missense variants cluster within the conserved forkhead domain. We found a higher phenotypic variability than previously described. Genotype-phenotype association revealed significant differences in psychomotor development and neurological features between FOXG1 genotype groups. More severe phenotypes were associated with truncating FOXG1 variants in the N-terminal domain and the forkhead domain (except conserved site 1) and milder phenotypes with missense variants in the forkhead conserved site 1. These data may serve for improved interpretation of new FOXG1 sequence variants and well-founded genetic counseling.

  1. Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
  2. Klinik fรผr Neuropรคdiatrie und Neurologische Rehabilitation, Epilepsiezentrum fรผr Kinder und Jugendliche, Schรถn Klinik Voogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany.
  3. PMU Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
  4. Department fรผr Forschungs- und Transferservice, Univeristรคt Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
  5. Klinik fรผr Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitรคtsmedizin Gรถttingen, Gรถttingen, Germany.
  6. Kinderklinik, Klinikum Dritter Orden, Munich, Germany.
  7. Epilepsiezentrum Kork, Kehl-Kork, Germany.
  8. Sozialpรคdiatrisches Zentrum, SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn, Germany.
  9. Moser Center for Leukodystrophies and Neurogenetics Service, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
  10. Department of Genetic Medicine, Munre Meyer Institute, University of nebraska medical Center Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, US.
  11. Division of Human Genetics, Departmentof pediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
  12. Sozialpรคdiatrisches Zentrum Leipzig (Frรผhere Hilfe Leipzig), Leipzig, Germany.
  13. Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Childrenโ€™s Hospital Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
  14. Department of Medical Genomics Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.
  15. Praxis fรผr Humangenetik Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany.
  16. Division of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California, USA.
  17. Klinik fรผr Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Sana Kliniken Leipziger Land, Borna, Germany.
  18. Praxis fรผr Humangenetik Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
  19. Klinik fรผr Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
  20. Sozialpรคdiatrisches Zentrum, Klinik fรผr Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitรคtsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
  21. Klinik fรผr Neuropรคdiatrie und Angeborene Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Elisabeth Kinderkrankenhaus, klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
  22. Klinik fรผr Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Krankenhaus St. Elisabeth und St. Barbara, Halle/Saale, Germany.
  23. CeGaT, Tรผbingen, Germany.
  24. Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
  25. Sozialpรคdiatrisches Institut, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen-Mitte, Germany.
  26. Institut fรผr Medizinische Genetik und Angewandte Genomik, Universitรคtsklinikum Tรผbingen, Tรผbingen, Germany.
  27. Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
  28. Klinik fรผr Kinder und Jugendliche, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
  29. Childrenโ€™s Specialty Center, St. Lukeโ€™s Childrenโ€™s hospital, Boise, Idaho, USA.
  30. Klinik fรผr Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, St. Vincenz-Krankenhaus Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.
  31. Institut fรผr Humangenetik, Universitรคtsmedizin Gรถttingen, Gรถttingen, Germany.
  32. Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Universtiy Medical Center, Georg-August University Gรถttingen, Gรถttingen, Germany.
  33. Genetic Counselling and Diagnostic, genetikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
  34. SPZ, Klinik fรผr Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Universitรคtsmedizin Gรถttingen, Gรถttingen, Germany.