Skeletal Disorders

Analysis of all known genes associated with skeletal disorders

Our Diagnostic Panel for Skeletal Diseases enables comprehensive genetic diagnostics for skeletal diseases, which are often difficult to distinguish from each other due to their genetic causes. The human skeleton consists of more than 200 bones and provides the central support function for the body. To ensure a reliable and rapid diagnosis, the panel covers all relevant genes for various skeletal disease groups, such as skeletal dysplasias, osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease), and limb malformations.

The Diagnostic Panel for Skeletal Diseases is based on our proprietary, high-quality ExomeXtra® enrichment, covering all protein-coding regions as well as intronic and intergenic variants described as disease-relevant in the databases HGMD and ClinVar. In addition, the ExomeXtra® enrichment enables a genome-wide CNV calling with similar performance to array CGH. It thus provides the ideal basis for genetic diagnostics.

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What We Offer with the Panel for Skeletal Disorders

Updates

The gene selection is regularly adapted to the current scientific knowledge

Flexibility

With ExomeXtra®, gene sets addressing different diseases can be combined

Comprehensive Medical Report

Including the ACMG criteria used to classify the variants

Highest Quality

All steps are carried out in-house

Our Promise to You

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Fast Turnaround Time

2–4 weeks after sample receipt

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Safety

Highest confidentiality and quality standards

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Reliability

Reliable support throughout all steps

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Comprehensibility

Clearly prepared medical report

Your Benefits

It is possible to request single or multiple predefined gene sets. In addition to the complete analysis of the genes of the requested gene set, we extend the analysis by additional genes for differential diagnosis. We report variants of unknown significance (ACMG class 3) and pathogenic and probably pathogenic variants (ACMG classes 4 and 5) for the primarily ordered gene set. For the genes included due to differential diagnosis, we restrict the reporting to pathogenic and probably pathogenic variants (ACMG classes 4 and 5), which could be related to the indication of the person seeking advice.

The Diagnostic Panel for Skeletal Disorders is based on CeGaT’s ExomeXtra® enrichment. This allows, without additional sequencing, phenotypically eligible gene sets of other CeGaT panels or single genes to be additionally ordered. If you would like to assemble an individual panel, please feel free to contact us. We will be happy to support you.

In addition to the primary diagnostic assignment, the assessment of ACMG genes and pharmacogenetic profiling may also be ordered.

Method

The enrichment of the coding regions and the adjacent intronic regions is performed using an in-solution hybridization technology. The selection of the targeted regions and the design of the enrichment baits is performed in-house. High-throughput sequencing is performed on our Illumina platforms. Bioinformatic processing of the data is achieved using an in-house computer cluster.

Following data processing, our team of scientists and specialists in human genetics analyze the data and issue a medical report.

Sample Report

Information: The example report on epilepsy and brain development disorders illustrates how a report is structured.

General Information

Material

  • 1-2 ml EDTA blood (recommended sample type) or
  • 1-2 µg genomic DNA
  • Order Form with declaration of consent

Here you can find more information on how to ship your sample safely.

Costs

The prices for our human genetic diagnostics depend on the size of the selected diagnostic panel and the selected gene sets. All prices include sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and issuing of a medical report by our team of experts in human genetic diagnostics.

Diagnostic Process

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Counseling & Test Selection

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Sampling & Shipment

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Sample Analysis

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Medical Report & Counseling

Gene Sets – Skeletal Disorders

Metaphyseal Dysplasia (SKT01, 14 Genes)

ANKH, CDKN1C, COL10A1, DNAJC21, EFL1, MMP13, MMP9, POP1, PTH1R, RMRP, RUNX2, SBDS, SFRP4, SRP54

Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia and Pseudoachondroplasia (SKT02, 7 Genes)

COL2A1, COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, COMP, MATN3, SLC26A2

Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia and Spondylo-Epi-(Meta)- Physeal Dysplasia (SKT03, 51 Genes)

ACAN, ACP5, B3GALT6, B3GAT3, B4GALT7, BPNT2, CANT1, CCN6, CFAP410, CHST3, COL11A1, COL11A2, COL2A1, COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, CSGALNACT1, DDR2, DYM, EIF2AK3, EXTL3, FLNB, FN1, GZF1, HSPA9, HSPG2, IARS2, INPPL1, KIF22, LONP1, MBTPS1, NANS, NEPRO, NKX3-2, PAPSS2, PCYT1A, PISD, POP1, RAB33B, RMRP, RNU4ATAC, RSPRY1, SLC10A7, SLC39A13, SMARCAL1, TMEM165, TONSL, TRAPPC2, TRIP11, TRPV4, XYLT1

Micromelic Dysplasia: Acromelic, Acromesomelic, Mesomelic and Rhizo-Mesomelic Dysplasia (SKT04, 21 Genes)

ADAMTS10, ADAMTS17, ADAMTSL2, BMPR1B, DONSON, DVL1, DVL3, FBN1, FZD2, GDF5, GPC6, IHH, LTBP3, NPR2, PDE4D, PRKAR1A, ROR2, SHOX, SMAD4, TRPS1, WNT5A

Short-Rib Dysplasia (SKT05, 26 Genes)

C2CD3, CEP120, CFAP410, CILK1, CSPP1, DYNC2H1, DYNC2I1, DYNC2I2, DYNC2LI1, DYNLT2B, EVC, EVC2, IFT122, IFT140, IFT172, IFT43, IFT52, IFT80, IFT81, INTU, KIAA0586, KIAA0753, NEK1, TTC21B, WDR19, WDR35

Chondrodysplasia Punctata (SKT06, 8 Genes)

AGPS, ARSE, EBP, GNPAT, LBR, MGP, NSDHL, PEX7

Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Related Skeletal Dysplasias with Decreased Bone Density (SKT07, 30 Genes)

ALPL, ANO5, B3GALT6, B4GALT7, BMP1, COL1A1, COL1A2, CREB3L1, CRTAP, FKBP10, GORAB, IFITM5, KDELR2, LRP5, MESD, P3H1, P4HB, PLOD2, PLS3, PPIB, SEC24D, SERPINF1, SERPINH1, SGMS2, SP7, SPARC, TENT5A, TMEM38B, TNFRSF11B, WNT1

Osteopetrosis and Related Skeletal Dysplasias with Increased Bone Density (SKT08, 26 Genes)

AMER1, ANKH, CA2, CLCN7, CTSK, DLX3, FAM20C, FERMT3, GJA1, HPGD, LEMD3, LRP5, LRRK1, OSTM1, PLEKHM1, PTDSS1, SFRP4, SLCO2A1, SNX10, SOST, TBXAS1, TCIRG1, TGFB1, TNFRSF11A, TNFRSF11B, TNFSF11

Hypophosphatemic Rickets and Related Skeletal Dysplasias with Abnormal Mineralization (SKT09, 17 Genes)

ALPL, ANKH, CASR, CLCN5, CYP27B1, CYP2R1, CYP3A4, DMP1, ENPP1, FAM20C, FGF23, PHEX, PTH1R, SLC34A1, SLC34A3, TRPV6, VDR

Limb Malformations: Isolated Brachydactyly, Synostoses, Split-Hand/Foot, Polydactyly, Syndactyly, and Selected Genetic Syndromes with Limb Malformations (SKT10, 78 Genes)

ARHGAP31, ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2, BHLHA9, BMP2, BMPR1B, CCNQ, CDH3, CHSY1, CREBBP, DHODH, DLL4, DLX5, DOCK6, DPF2, EFNB1, EFTUD2, EOGT, EP300, ESCO2, EVC2, FGF10, FGF16, FGF9, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, GDF5, GDF6, GJA1, GLI1, GLI2, GLI3, HDAC8, HOXA13, HOXD13, IHH, IQCE, KIAA0825, KIF7, LMBR1, LRP4, MECOM, MYCN, NAA10, NIPBL, NOG, NOTCH1, PAX3, PDE3A, PDE4D, PRKAR1A, PTHLH, RAD21, RBM8A, RBPJ, RECQL4, ROR2, SALL1, SALL4, SF3B4, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, SMARCE1, SMC1A, SMC3, SMOC1, SOX11, TBX15, TBX3, TBX4, TBX5, TP63, TRPV4, WNT10B, WNT7A, YY1AP1

Craniosynostosis (SKT11, 34 Genes)

ALPL, ASXL1, BPNT2, CDC45, COLEC11, CYP26B1, EFNB1, ERF, ESCO2, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FREM1, IFT122, IFT140, IFT43, IL11RA, KAT6A, MASP1, MEGF8, MSX2, P4HB, POR, RAB23, RECQL4, SCARF2, SEC24D, SKI, SMAD6, TCF12, TWIST1, WDR19, WDR35, ZIC1

Potentially Lethal Skeletal Disorders (SKT12, 51 Genes)

AGPS, ALPL, ARSL, BMPER, CANT1, CEP120, CILK1, COL11A1, COL11A2, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL2A1, CRTAP, CSPP1, DHCR7, DLL3, DYNC2H1, DYNC2I2, DYNC2LI1, EBP, FAM111A, FAM20C, FGFR2, FGFR3, FLNA, FLNB, GDF5, GNPAT, IFT80, INPPL1, INTU, KIAA0586, KIAA0753, LBR, LIFR, MESD, NEK1, NSDHL, OFD1, P3H1, PEX7, PPIB, PTH1R, RNU4ATAC, SLC26A2, SLC35D1, SNRPB, SOX9, TCTN3, TRIP11, TRPV4

Seckel Syndrome, 3-M Syndrome, Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome, Kabuki Syndrome, and Further Selected Genetic Syndromes with Skeletal Involvement (SKT13, 27 Genes)

ASXL1, ATR, CCDC8, CENPJ, CEP152, CHD7, CREBBP, CUL7, DNA2, DONSON, EP300, FLNA, KDM6A, KMT2D, LARP7, MAP3K7, OBSL1, PCNT, PHGDH, PIK3R1, PLK4, POC1A, PSAT1, SEMA3E, SH3PXD2B, TRAIP, XRCC4

Lysosomal Storage Disorders with Skeletal Involvement (SKT14, 22 Genes)

AGA, ARSB, CTSA, FUCA1, GALNS, GLB1, GNPTAB, GNPTG, GNS, GUSB, HGSNAT, HYAL1, IDS, IDUA, MAN2B1, MANBA, NAGLU, NEU1, SGSH, SLC17A5, SUMF1, VPS33A

Craniofacial and Patellar Dysostoses; Dysostoses with Vertebral and Costal Involvement: Klippel-Feil Syndrome, Meier-Gorlin Syndrome, and Related Disorders (SKT15, 39 Genes)

ABCC9, ALX3, ALX4, BMPER, C2CD3, CDC45, CDT1, DHODH, DLL3, DONSON, EFNB1, EFTUD2, EVC2, GDF3, GDF6, GNAI3, HES7, KAT6B, LFNG, LMX1B, MEOX1, MESP2, MNX1, MYO18B, OFD1, ORC1, ORC4, ORC6, PDE4D, PLCB4, POLR1C, POLR1D, PRKAR1A, SF3B4, SNRPB, TBX4, TBX6, TCOF1, TMCO1

Achondroplasia, Hypochondroplasia, and Pseudoachondroplasia (SKT16, 2 Genes)

COMP, FGFR3

Cleidocranial Dysplasia and Related Disorders (SKT17, 4 Genes)

ALX4, FIG4, MSX2, RUNX2

Multiple Exostoses (SKT18, 2 Genes)

EXT1, EXT2

Gene Directory – Panel for Skeletal Disorders

ABCC9, ACAN, ACP5, ADAMTS10, ADAMTS17, ADAMTSL2, AGA, AGPS, ALPL, ALX3, ALX4, AMER1, ANKH, ANO5, ARHGAP31, ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2, ARSB, ARSL, ASXL1, ATR, B3GALT6, B3GAT3, B4GALT7, BHLHA9, BMP1, BMP2, BMPER, BMPR1B, BPNT2, C2CD3, CA2, CANT1, CASR, CCDC8, CCN6, CCNQ, CDC45, CDH3, CDKN1C, CDT1, CENPJ, CEP120, CEP152, CFAP410, CHD7, CHST3, CHSY1, CILK1, CLCN5, CLCN7, COL10A1, COL11A1, COL11A2, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL2A1, COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, COLEC11, COMP, CREB3L1, CREBBP, CRTAP, CSGALNACT1, CSPP1, CTSA, CTSK, CUL7, CYP26B1, CYP27B1, CYP2R1, CYP3A4, DDR2, DHCR7, DHODH, DLL3, DLL4, DLX3, DLX5, DMP1, DNA2, DNAJC21, DOCK6, DONSON, DPF2, DVL1, DVL3, DYM, DYNC2H1, DYNC2I1, DYNC2I2, DYNC2LI1, DYNLT2B, EBP, EFL1, EFNB1, EFTUD2, EIF2AK3, ENPP1, EOGT, EP300, ERF, ESCO2, EVC, EVC2, EXT1, EXT2, EXTL3, FAM111A, FAM20C, FBN1, FERMT3, FGF10, FGF16, FGF23, FGF9, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FIG4, FKBP10, FLNA, FLNB, FN1, FREM1, FUCA1, FZD2, GALNS, GDF3, GDF5, GDF6, GJA1, GLB1, GLI1, GLI2, GLI3, GNAI3, GNPAT, GNPTAB, GNPTG, GNS, GORAB, GPC6, GUSB, GZF1, HDAC8, HES7, HGSNAT, HOXA13, HOXD13, HPGD, HSPA9, HSPG2, HYAL1, IARS2, IDS, IDUA, IFITM5, IFT122, IFT140, IFT172, IFT43, IFT52, IFT80, IFT81, IHH, IL11RA, INPPL1, INTU, IQCE, KAT6A, KAT6B, KDELR2, KDM6A, KIAA0586, KIAA0753, KIAA0825, KIF22, KIF7, KMT2D, LARP7, LBR, LEMD3, LFNG, LIFR, LMBR1, LMX1B, LONP1, LRP4, LRP5, LRRK1, LTBP3, MAN2B1, MANBA, MAP3K7, MASP1, MATN3, MBTPS1, MECOM, MEGF8, MEOX1, MESD, MESP2, MGP, MMP13, MMP9, MNX1, MSX2, MYCN, MYO18B, NAA10, NAGLU, NANS, NEK1, NEPRO, NEU1, NIPBL, NKX3-2, NOG, NOTCH1, NPR2, NSDHL, OBSL1, OFD1, ORC1, ORC4, ORC6, OSTM1, P3H1, P4HB, PAPSS2, PAX3, PCNT, PCYT1A, PDE3A, PDE4D, PEX7, PHEX, PHGDH, PIK3R1, PISD, PLCB4, PLEKHM1, PLK4, PLOD2, PLS3, POC1A, POLR1C, POLR1D, POP1, POR, PPIB, PRKAR1A, PSAT1, PTDSS1, PTH1R, PTHLH, RAB23, RAB33B, RAD21, RBM8A, RBPJ, RECQL4, RMRP, RNU4ATAC, ROR2, RSPRY1, RUNX2, SALL1, SALL4, SBDS, SCARF2, SEC24D, SEMA3E, SERPINF1, SERPINH1, SF3B4, SFRP4, SGMS2, SGSH, SH3PXD2B, SHOX, SKI, SLC10A7, SLC17A5, SLC26A2, SLC34A1, SLC34A3, SLC35D1, SLC39A13, SLCO2A1, SMAD4, SMAD6, SMARCA4, SMARCAL1, SMARCB1, SMARCE1, SMC1A, SMC3, SMOC1, SNRPB, SNX10, SOST, SOX11, SOX9, SP7, SPARC, SRP54, SUMF1, TBX15, TBX3, TBX4, TBX5, TBX6, TBXAS1, TCF12, TCIRG1, TCOF1, TCTN3, TENT5A, TGFB1, TMCO1, TMEM165, TMEM38B, TNFRSF11A, TNFRSF11B, TNFSF11, TONSL, TP63, TRAIP, TRAPPC2, TRIP11, TRPS1, TRPV4, TRPV6, TTC21B, TWIST1, VDR, VPS33A, WDR19, WDR35, WNT1, WNT10B, WNT5A, WNT7A, XRCC4, XYLT1, YY1AP1, ZIC1

Additional Services

HLA-Typing (HLA01)

HLA class I (Gene A, B, C) and HLA class II (Gene DPA1, DPB1, DQA1, DQB1, DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5)

ACMG Genes

Genetic variation may sometimes be identified, which does not fit within the scope of the requested genetic analysis (so-called secondary findings). The reporting of these variants is limited to pathogenic alterations (ACMG classes 4 and 5) within selected genes, for which a treatment or course of action exists for you or your family (according to the current guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics).

Details on genes and associated diseases can be found here

Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacogenetic analysis detects genetic changes that affect the effectiveness of drugs. Genetic variants that affect proteins responsible for the metabolism of substances can significantly change their tolerance and efficacy. These drugs include, among others, antidepressants, pain relievers, neuroleptics, chemotherapeutics, AIDS drugs, thrombosis drugs, anesthetics, beta-blockers, or statins.

The reduced activity of a specific enzyme can lead to an increased drug level in the standard dosage, which is often associated with undesirable side effects. With drugs that are only activated by metabolism, the therapeutic effect can be completely absent. Likewise, due to the resulting increased rate of degradation of the medicinal substance, an increased enzyme activity leads to inadequate effectiveness of the therapy.

The pharmacogenetics option analyzes known variants in twenty-two genes involved in the metabolism of drugs. If specific gene variants occur, the treating doctor can adapt the therapy individually. The pharmacogenetic analysis can minimize serious side effects and helps to avoid failure of the treatment.

Details on genes and more infomation can be found here

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Sample Report EPI

* The example report on epilepsy and brain development disorders illustrates how a report is structured.

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