Genetic Diagnostics / Rare Diseases / Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Analysis of all known genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegeneration is a progressive and irreversible process resulting in a gradual loss of neuronal structure and function. This process occurs during normal aging, but many neurodegenerative diseases accelerate it. Usually, neurodegenerative diseases manifest at later ages, thus, getting more and more important due to the increasing life expectancy of society. Examples of disorders typically manifesting in middle and older adult ages are Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, or Huntington’s disease. Neurodegenerative disorders manifest less frequently in children and adolescents, where they mainly affect the central nervous system. The Diagnostic Panel for Neurodegenerative Diseases includes 393 genes and provides information on the exact nature of the disease and intrafamilial recurrence risk.

The Diagnostic Panel for Neurodegenerative Diseases is based on exome sequencing with CeGaT ExomeXtra®. CeGaT ExomeXtra® covers all protein-coding regions as well as all known pathogenic intronic and intergenic variants. It thus provides the best basis for genetic diagnostics.

Are you insured in Germany? Our colleagues at the Zentrum für Humangenetik Tübingen will gladly support you!

What We Offer with the Panel for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Highest Quality

The panel covers 393 genes, divided into 21 different gene sets

Flexibility

Gene sets can be requested individually or in combination with other gene sets

Sensitivity

> 99.9 % for heterozygous variant;
average coverage > 140x

Comprehensive Medical Report

Created by our interdisciplinary team of experts

Our Promise to You

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Fast Turnaround Time

Less than 4 weeks after sample receipt

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Safety

Highest confidentiality and quality standards

Reliability

Reliable support throughout all steps

Comprehensibility

Clearly prepared medical report

Your Benefits

It is possible to request single or multiple predefined gene sets. In addition to the complete analysis of the genes of the requested gene set, we extend the analysis to all genes of the Diagnostic Panel for Neurodegenerative Diseases upon request. We report pathogenic and probably pathogenic variants (ACMG classes 4 and 5), which could be related to the indication of the person seeking advice.

The Diagnostic Panel for Neurodegenerative Diseases is based on the CeGaT ExomeXtra® enrichment. This allows, without additional sequencing, phenotypically eligible gene sets of other CeGaT panels or single genes to be additionally ordered. If you would like to assemble an individual panel, please feel free to contact us. We will be happy to support you.

In addition to the primary diagnostic assignment, the assessment of ACMG genes and pharmacogenetic profiling may also be ordered.

Method

The enrichment of the coding regions and the adjacent intronic regions is performed using an in-solution hybridization technology. The selection of the targeted regions and the design of the enrichment baits is performed in-house. High throughput sequencing is performed on Illumina platforms. Bioinformatic processing of the data is achieved using an in-house computer cluster.

Following data processing, our team of scientists and specialists in human genetics analyze the data and issue a medical report.

Sample Report

General Information

Material

  • 1-2 ml EDTA blood (recommended sample type) or
  • 1-2 µg genomic DNA
  • Order Form with declaration of consent

Here you can find more information on how to ship your sample safely.

Turnaround Time

  • Turnaround Time: < 4 Weeks

Costs

The prices for our human genetic diagnostics depend on the size of the selected Diagnostic Panel and the selected gene sets. All prices include sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and issuing of a medical report by our team of experts in human genetic diagnostics.

Our Diagnostic Process

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Test Selection

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Counseling & Sampling

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Sample Analysis

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Genetic Counseling

Gene Sets – Neurodegenerative Diseases

Parkinson’s Disease, Autosomal Dominant (NDD01, 5 Genes)

CHCHD2, GBA, LRRK2, SNCA, VPS35

Parkinson’s Disease, Autosomal Recessive (NDD02, 11 Genes)

ATP13A2, DNAJC6, FBXO7, PARK7, PINK1, PLA2G6, PRKN, SLC30A10, SLC6A3, SYNJ1, VPS13C

Parkinson’s Disease (NDD05, 31 Genes)

ATP13A2, ATP1A3, C19orf12, CHCHD2, DCTN1, DNAJC12, DNAJC6, FBXO7, FTL, GBA, GCH1, GRN, LRRK2, MAPT, PANK2, PARK7, PINK1, PLA2G6, PRKN, PRKRA, PSAP, SLC30A10, SLC39A14, SLC6A3, SNCA, SPR, SYNJ1, TAF1, TH, VPS13C, VPS35

Dystonia Plus Syndrome (NDD07, 15 Genes)

ANO3, ATP1A3, BCAP31, DRD2, ECHS1, FTL, GCH1, KIF1C, PRKRA, SGCE, SLC30A10, SPR, TH, TUBB4A, VPS16

Paroxysmal Movement Disorders (NDD08, 15 Genes)

ADCY5, ATP1A2, ATP1A3, CACNA1A, GCH1, KCNA1, KCNMA1, NOTCH3, PNKD, POLG, PRKN, PRRT2, SCN1A, SCN8A, SLC2A1

Dystonia (NDD10, 61 Genes)

ADAR, ADCY5, AFG3L2, ANO3, AOPEP, APTX, ATM, ATP1A2, ATP1A3, ATP7B, BCAP31, C19orf12, CACNA1A, CHMP2B, COASY, DCAF17, DDC, DLAT, DNAJC12, DRD2, ECHS1, EIF2AK2, FA2H, FASTKD2, FBXO7, FTL, GAMT, GCDH, GCH1, GNAL, GNAO1, HPCA, IRF2BPL, KCNMA1, KCTD17, KIF1C, KMT2B, MECR, NKX2-1, PANK2, PLA2G6, PRKN, PRKRA, PRRT2, SCN8A, SGCE, SLC2A1, SLC30A10, SLC39A14, SLC6A3, SPATA5L1, SPR, TAF1, TH, THAP1, TOR1A, TUBB4A, VAC14, VPS13A, VPS16, YY1

Intracerebral Calcification (NDD24, 31 Genes)

ADAR, AP1S2, COL4A1, CTC1, CYP2U1, FARSA, FARSB, IFIH1, JAM2, JAM3, LSM11, MYORG, NRROS, OCLN, PDGFB, PDGFRB, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, RNASET2, RNU7-1, SAMHD1, SLC20A2, SNORD118, STN1, TINF2, TREM2, TREX1, TYROBP, USP18, XPR1

Choreatic Movement Disorders (NDD13, 17 Genes)

ADCY5, ATM, CAMK4, FRRS1L, FTL, GM2A, GNAO1, NKX2-1, OPA3, PDE10A, PDE2A, PDHA1, PRNP, RNF216, VAMP2, VPS13A, XK

HTT, JPH3 repeat analyses optional

Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Autosomal Dominant (NDD25, 22 Genes)

AFG3L2, CACNA1A, CACNA1G, DAB1, ELOVL4, ELOVL5, FAT2, FGF14, GRM1, ITPR1, KCNC3, KCND3, NOP56, PDYN, PPP2R2B, PRKCG, PUM1, SPTBN2, STUB1, TGM6, TMEM240, TTBK2

SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, SCA17 repeat analyses optional

Cerebellar Ataxia, Autosomal Recessive, Non-syndromic (NDD26, 30 Genes)

ANO10, APTX, ATG7, ATM, COA7, COQ8A, CWF19L1, EXOSC5, GDAP2, GRID2, GRM1, PITRM1, PMPCA, RUBCN, SCYL1, SETX, SLC9A1, SNX14, SPTBN2, STUB1, SYNE1, TDP2, THG1L, TPP1, TTPA, TWNK, VPS13D, VPS41, WWOX, XRCC1

FXN repeat analysis optional

Episodic Ataxia (NDD30, 8 Genes)

ATP1A3, CACNA1A, CACNB4, KCNA1, PRRT2, SCN2A, SLC1A3, SLC2A1

Hereditary Ataxia (NDD14, 110 Genes)

ABCB7, ABHD12, AFG3L2, ANO10, APTX, ATCAY, ATG7, ATM, ATP1A3, ATP8A2, CA8, CACNA1A, CACNA1G, CACNB4, CAMTA1, CAPN1, LCN2, CLN6, COA7, COQ8A, CP, CTBP1, CWF19L1, CYP27A1, DAB1, DARS2, DNAJC5, DNMT1, EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, EIF2B5, ELOVL4, ELOVL5, EPM2A, XOSC5, FAT2, FGF14, FLVCR1, FXN, GDAP2, GFAP, GOSR2, GRID2, GRM1, HEXA, HEXB, ITPR1, KCNA1, KCNC3, KCND3, KCNJ10, KCNN2, KIF1C, MARS2, MRE11, HLRC1, NKX6-2, NOP56, NPC1, NPC2, PDYN, PIK3R5, PITRM1, PLA2G6, PMPCA, PNKP, PNPLA6, POLG, POLR3A, POU4F1, PPP2R2B, PRICKLE1, PRKCG, PRRT2, PUM1, RNF170, RNF216, RUBCN, SACS, SCN2A, SCYL1, SETX, SIL1, SLC1A3, SLC2A1, SLC52A2, SLC52A3, SLC9A1, SNX14, SPG7, SPTBN2, STUB1, SYNE1, TDP2, GM6, THG1L, TMEM240, TPP1, TTBK2, TTPA, TWNK, VAMP1, VLDLR, VPS13D, VPS41, WDR81, WWOX, XRCC1

SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, SCA17 repeat analyses optional

FXN repeat analysis optional

Dementia (NDD17, 19 Genes)

APOE, APP, CHCHD10, CHMP2B, CSF1R, GRN, ITM2B, MAPT, NOTCH3, OPTN, PRNP, PSEN1, PSEN2, SQSTM1, TARDBP, TBK1, TREM2, UBQLN2, VCP

C9ORF72 repeat analysis optional

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Als) (NDD18, 25 Genes)

ALS2, ANG, CHCHD10, CHMP2B, DCTN1, FIG4, FUS, GLT8D1, HNRNPA1, KIF5A, MATR3, OPTN, PFN1, SETX, SIGMAR1, SOD1, SPG11, SQSTM1, TARDBP, TBK1, TIA1, TUBA4A, UBQLN2, VAPB, VCP

C9ORF72 repeat analysis optional

Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (Hsp), Autosomal Dominant (NDD27, 14 Genes)

ALDH18A1, ATL1, BSCL2, HSPD1, KIDINS220, KIF1A, KIF5A, NIPA1, REEP1, RTN2, SLC33A1, SPAST, UBAP1, WASHC5

Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (Hsp), Autosomal Recessive (NDD28, 42 Genes)

AFG3L2, AIMP1, ALDH18A1, ALS2, AP4B1, AP4E1, AP4M1, AP4S1, AP5Z1, ATP13A2, B4GALNT1, CAPN1, CYP2U1, CYP7B1, DDHD1, DHD2, DSTYK, ENTPD1, ERLIN1, ERLIN2, FA2H, FARS2, GBA2, HACE1, HPDL, KIF1A, KIF1C, KLC2, MAG, MTRFR, NT5C2, PCYT2, PNPLA6, RNF170, SELENOI, SPART, SPG11, SPG21, SPG7, TFG, UCHL1, ZFYVE26

Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (Hsp) (NDD20, 71 Genes)

ABCD1, ABHD16A, AFG3L2, AIMP1, ALDH18A1, ALS2, AP4B1, AP4E1, AP4M1, AP4S1, AP5Z1, ARG1, ATL1, ATP13A2, B4GALNT1, SCL2, CAPN1, CYP2U1, CYP7B1, DARS1, DDHD1, DDHD2, DSTYK, ENTPD1, ERLIN1, ERLIN2, FA2H, FARS2, GALC, GBA2, GCH1, HACE1, HPDL, HSPD1, KCNA2, KDM5C, KIDINS220, KIF1A, KIF1C, KIF5A, KLC2, L1CAM, MAG, MTRFR, NIPA1, NKX6-2, NT5C2, PCYT2, PLP1, PNPLA6, REEP1, RNF170, RTN2, SACS, SELENOI, LC16A2, SLC33A1, SPART, SPAST, SPG11, SPG21, SPG7, TECPR2, TFG, TNR, TUBB4A, UBAP1, UCHL1, WASHC5, WDR45B, ZFYVE26

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (NDD23, 9 Genes)

APP, COL4A1, COL4A2, COLGALT1, FOXC1, GLA, HTRA1, NOTCH3, TREX1

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (Ncl) (NDD21, 13 Genes)

ATP13A2, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, CLN8, CTSD, CTSF, DNAJC5, GRN, KCTD7, MFSD8, PPT1, TPP1

Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (Nbia) (NDD11, 10 Genes)

ATP13A2, C19ORF12, COASY, CP, DCAF17, FA2H, FTL, PANK2, PLA2G6, WDR45

Leukodystrophy and Leukoencephalopathy (NDD29, 84 Genes)

AARS1, AARS2, ABCD1, ACBD5, ACOX1, ADAR, AIMP1, AIMP2, ALDH3A2, ARSA, ASPA, BCAP31, CLCN2, CLDN11, CNP, CSF1R, TC1, YP27A1, DARS1, DARS2, DEGS1, EARS2, EIF2AK2, EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, EIF2B5, EPRS1, FAM126A, GALC, GAN, GBE1, GFAP, GJC2, HEPACAM, HIKESHI, HSD17B4, HSPD1, HTRA1, IFIH1, L2HGDH, LMNB1, LSM11, MLC1, NAXD, NAXE, NKX6-2, NOTCH3, OCLN, PLAA, PLEKHG2, PLP1, POLR1C, POLR3A, OLR3B, POLR3K, PSAP, PYCR2, RAB11B, RARS1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, RNASET2, RNU7-1, SAMHD1, SCP2, SLC16A2, SLC17A5, SLC25A12,
NORD118, SOX10, STAT2, STN1, SUMF1, TMEM106B, TMEM63A, TREM2, TREX1, TUBB4A, TYROBP, UFM1, VPS11

Gene Sets – Additional analyses (additional fees may apply)

HLA-Typing (HLA01)

I would like to receive an additional report stating the HLA alleles (HLA class I (Gene A, B, C) and HLA class II (Gene DPA1, DPB1, DQA1, DQB1, DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5)).

ACMG genes diagnostics for adults (73 genes)/ für minors (64 genes)

ACTA2, ACTC1, ACVRL1, APC, APOB, ATP7B, BMPR1A, BRCA1*, BRCA2*, BTD, CACNA1S, CASQ2, COL3A1, DSC2, DSG2, DSP, ENG, FBN1, FLNC, GAA, GLA, HFE*, HNF1A, KCNH2, KCNQ1, LDLR, LMNA, MAX, MEN1, MLH1*, MSH2*, MSH6*, MUTYH*, MYBPC3, MYH11, MYH7, MYL2, MYL3, NF2, OTC, PALB2*, PCSK9, PKP2, PMS2*, PRKAG2, PTEN, RB1, RET, RPE65, RYR1, RYR2, SCN5A, SDHAF2, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SMAD3, SMAD4, STK11, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, TMEM127, TMEM43, TNNI3, TNNT2, TP53, TPM1, TRDN, TSC1, TSC2, VHL, WT1

I would like to be informed of relevant alterations within the above listed genes that have been selected by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). The analysis is performed according to current guidelines (ACMG SF v3.0; Miller et al., 2021, PMID: 34012068) and restricted to the sequence data. Re-sequencing of regions with poor sequence coverage will not typically be performed. A negative “ACMG genes” report cannot be used to rule out (genetic) disease risk. Additional fees may apply.

* According to German legislation, predictive tests for minors may not be performed for diseases which have an onset in adulthood. Therefore, the genes BRCA1, BRCA2, HFE, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, PALB2 and PMS2 will not be analyzed for minors, unless the phenotypic spectrum is within the scope of the primary medical indication of the patient.
Order Form (pdf)

Gene Directory – Panel for Neurodegenerative Diseases

AARS1, AARS2, ABCB7, ABCD1, ABHD12, ACOX1, ADAR, ADCY5, ADPRHL2, AFG3L2, AIMP1, AIMP2, ALDH18A1, ALDH3A2, ALS2, ANG, ANO10, ANO3, AP4B1, AP4E1, AP4M1, AP4S1, AP5Z1, APOE, APOPT1, APP, APTX, ARL6IP1, ARSA, ASPA, ATCAY, ATL1, ATM, ATP13A2, ATP1A2, ATP1A3, ATP7B, ATP8A2, B4GALNT1, BCAP31, BOLA3, BSCL2, C12orf65, C19orf12, CA2, CA8, CACNA1A, CACNA1G, CACNB4, CAMTA1, CAPN1, CARS2, CCDC88C, CHCHD10, CHCHD2, CHMP2B, CIZ1, CLCN2, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, CLN8, COA7, COASY, COL4A1, COL4A2, COL6A3, COLGALT1, COQ8A, COX10, COX15, COX20, COX6B1, CP, CPT1C, CSF1R, CTBP1, CTC1, CTSA, CTSD, CTSF, CWF19L1, CYP27A1, CYP2U1, CYP7B1, DARS1, DARS2, DCAF17, DCTN1, DDHD1, DDHD2, DNAJC12, DNAJC5, DNAJC6, DNMT1, DSTYK, EARS2, EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, EIF2B5, ELOVL4, ELOVL5, EMC1, EPRS1, ERCC6, ERCC8, ERLIN2, FA2H, FAM126A, FARS2, FBXO7, FGF14, FIG4, FKRP, FKTN, FLVCR1, FOLR1, FOXC1, FOXRED1, FRRS1L, FTL, FUCA1, FUS, FXN, GALC, GAN, GBA, GBA2, GBE1, GCDH, GCH1, GEMIN4, GFAP, GFM1, GJC2, GLA, GLB1, GLRX5, GMPPB, GNAL, GNAO1, GOSR2, GRID2, GRM1, GRN, HEPACAM, HEXA, HEXB, HIKESHI, HNRNPA1, HPCA, HSD17B4, HSPD1, HTRA1, IBA57, IDS, IFIH1, IRF2BPL, ISCA1, ISCA2, ITM2B, ITPR1, KARS1, KCNA1, KCNC3, KCND3, KCNJ10, KCNMA1, KCNT1, KCTD7, KIDINS220, KIF1A, KIF1C, KIF5A, KMT2B, L1CAM, L2HGDH, LAMA2, LARGE1, LIPT2, LMNB1, LRPPRC, LRRK2, LYRM7, MAG, MAPT, MARS2, MATR3, MCOLN1, MECR, MFSD8, MLC1, MPV17, MRE11, MTFMT, MTHFS, MTTP, MYORG, NACC1, NARS2, NAXE, NDUFS1, NDUFV1, NEU1, NFU1, NIPA1, NKX2-1, NKX6-2, NOTCH3, NPC1, NPC2, NT5C2, NUBPL, OCLN, OPTN, PANK2, PARK7, PC, PDE10A, PDGFB, PDGFRB, PDYN, PET100, PEX1, PEX10, PEX11B, PEX12, PEX13, PEX14, PEX16, PEX19, PEX2, PEX26, PEX3, PEX5, PEX6, PEX7, PFN1, PHGDH, PHYH, PINK1, PLA2G6, PLAA, PLEKHG2, PLP1, PMPCA, PMPCB, PNKD, PNKP, PNPLA6, POLG, POLR1C, POLR3A, POLR3B, POLR3K, POMGNT1, POMT1, POMT2, PPT1, PRICKLE1, PRKCG, PRKN, PRKRA, PRNP, PRRT2, PSAP, PSAT1, PSEN1, PSEN2, PUM1, PYCR2, QARS1, RAB11B, RARS1, RARS2, REEP1, REEP2, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, RNASET2, RNF170, RNF216, RTN2, SACS, SAMHD1, SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A, SCP2, SCYL1, SDHA, SDHAF1, SETX, SGCE, SIGMAR1, SIL1, SLC16A2, SLC17A5, SLC19A3, SLC1A3, SLC1A4, SLC20A2, SLC25A12, SLC2A1, SLC30A10, SLC33A1, SLC39A14, SLC6A3, SNCA, SNORD118, SNX14, SOD1, SOX10, SPART, SPAST, SPG11, SPG21, SPG7, SPR, SPTAN1, SPTBN2, SQSTM1, STN1, STUB1, SUMF1, SURF1, SYNE1, SYNJ1, TACO1, TARDBP, TARS2, TBCD, TBCK, TBK1, TDP1, TDP2, TECPR2, TFG, TGFB1, TGM6, TH, THAP1, TMEM106B, TMEM240, TOR1A, TPP1, TRAPPC12, TRAPPC6B, TRAPPC9, TREM2, TREX1, TTBK2, TTC19, TTPA, TUBA4A, TUBB4A, TUFM, TWNK, TYMP, TYROBP, UBAP1, UBQLN2, UBTF, UCHL1, UFC1, UFM1, VAC14, VAMP1, VAPB, VARS1, VARS2, VCP, VLDLR, VPS11, VPS13A, VPS13C, VPS13D, VPS35, WARS2, WASHC5, WDR45, WDR45B, WDR81, WFS1, WWOX, XK, XPR1, XRCC1, ZFYVE26, ZNHIT3

Additional Services

ACMG Genes

Genetic variation may sometimes be identified, which does not fit within the scope of the requested genetic analysis (so-called secondary findings). The reporting of these variants is limited to pathogenic alterations (ACMG classes 4 and 5) within selected genes, for which a treatment or course of action exists for you or your family (according to the current guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics; details on genes and associated diseases can be found here.

Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacogenetic analysis detects genetic changes that affect the effectiveness of drugs. Genetic variants that affect proteins responsible for the metabolism of substances can significantly change their tolerance and efficacy. These drugs include, among others, antidepressants, pain relievers, neuroleptics, chemotherapeutics, AIDS drugs, thrombosis drugs, anesthetics, beta-blockers, or statins.

The reduced activity of a specific enzyme can lead to an increased drug level in the standard dosage, which is often associated with undesirable side effects. With drugs that are only activated by metabolism, the therapeutic effect can be completely absent. Likewise, due to the resulting increased rate of degradation of the medicinal substance, an increased enzyme activity leads to inadequate effectiveness of the therapy.

The pharmacogenetics option analyzes known variants in 22 genes involved in the metabolism of drugs. If specific gene variants occur, the treating doctor can adapt the therapy individually. The pharmacogenetic analysis can minimize serious side effects and helps to avoid failure of the treatment.

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